Tamis-LeMonda-Preface

xxiv   Contents

James Marcia and Identity Statuses 638 Marcia’s Identity Statuses  639 Adolescent Self-Esteem  640 Ethnic and Racial Identity 640 Development of Ethnic Identity 641 Navigating Two Identities 642 Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation 643 Gender Identity 643 Sexual Orientation  643 Romantic Relationships 645 ❚ Contexts of Self-Identity 648 Social Relationships 650 Relationships with Parents and Siblings 651 Closeness and Attachment to Parents 651 Conflict with Parents 652 Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Disclosure 652 Siblings 653 Immigrant Context of the Adolescent-Parent Relationship 654 Relationships with Peers  655 Friendships 655 Cliques and Crowds 656 Bullying 657 Social Media 658 Benefits of Social Media Use 658 Overuse of Social Media 659 Disclosing Too Much Information 660 Developmental Cascades 661 Closing Thoughts: Positive Cascades  664 Family Context of Self-Identity 648 School Context of Self-Identity 648 Cultural Context of Self-Identity 649

Language, Literacy, and Academic Skills 602 Language and Literacy Development 602 Vocabulary and Grammar 603 Reading and Writing  604 Gender Differences in Academic Proficiencies  604 School Engagement and Motivation 607 Components of School Engagement 607 Academic Motivation and Performance 608 Explaining Motivation  610 ❚ Contexts of Academic Achievement 612 Family and Peer Context of Academic Achievement 612 School Context of Academic Achievement 613 Neighborhood Context of Academic Achievement 615 Developmental Cascades 617 Closing Thoughts: The Blurred Boundary between Ability and Performance 619 16 Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence 623 Emotional Development 624 Emotional Experiences 624 Self-Regulation 630 Development of Adolescent Self-Regulation 631 Development of Risk Taking 632 ❚ Contexts in Emotional Development 634 Family and Peer Contexts of Emotional Development 634 School and Neighborhood Contexts of Emotional Development 635 Self-Identity Development 636 Erik Erikson’s Theory 636 Identity Achievement versus Role Confusion 638 The Psychosocial Moratorium 638 Emotional Reactivity  624 Emotional Valence  625 Adolescent Depression 626

Glossary G-1  References R-1  Index I–1