Tamis-LeMonda-Preface

Contents

xxiii

Relationships with Parents 527 Attachment 527 Parenting Styles 528 Relationships with Peers 530 Friendships 531 Peer Acceptance and Rejection 532 The Pain of Exclusion 536 ❚ Contexts of Social Development 538 Family and School Contexts of Social Development 538

Social Development 514 Self-Identity Development 514 Erik Erikson’s Theory 515 Evaluating Self 515 Gender Identity 516 Ethnic and Racial Identities 520

Intergroup Relations and Moral Development 523 ❚ Contexts of Self-Identity Development 524 Family Context and Gender Self-Identity 524 Family and School Contexts and Racial

Social Media Context of Social Development 538 Cultural Context of Social Development 539 Developmental Cascades 540 Closing Thoughts: Vulnerabilities and Strengths 543

and Ethnic Self-Identity 525 Peer and Media Contexts and Gender Self-Identity 526

PART 5: ADOLESCENCE

Sleep 576

14 Physical Development and Health in Adolescence 547 Physical and Brain Development 548 Brain Development 548 Synaptogenesis, Pruning, and Myelination 548 Asymmetry in Brain Development 549 Puberty 551 Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics 551 The Growth Spurt 553 Injuries 554 Hormones 554 Stages of Puberty 556 Home Context of Puberty 559 Cultural Context of Puberty 560 Emergence of Sexual Behavior 562 Learning about Sexuality and Engaging in Sex 562 Peer Context of Sexuality 564 Cultural Context of Sexuality 564 Health 565 Sexually Transmitted Infections and Pregnancy 565 Sexually Transmitted Infections 566 Pregnancy and Parenthood in Adolescence 567 Contexts of Adolescent Pregnancy 569 Nutrition 569 Eating Disorders 569 Overweight or Obese 572 Contexts of Eating Disorders and Obesity 574

Circadian Rhythm 576 Too Little Sleep 577

Poor-Quality Sleep 578 Contexts of Sleep 579 Developmental Cascades 581 Closing Thoughts: Primed to Learn 584 15 Cognitive Development in Adolescence 587 Cognitive Development 588 Piagetian Theory 588

Abstract and Propositional Thinking 588 Hypothetical-Deductive Reasoning 589 Rethinking the Formal Operational Stage 591 Information Processing 591 Selective Attention and Flexibility 591 Working Memory and Processing Speed 593 Memory Strategies and Metacognition 594 Social Cognition 596 Perspective Taking 596 Adolescent Egocentrism 597 Moral Reasoning 598 Moral Behavior 599 ❚ Cultural Context of Adolescent Cognitive Development 600 Cultural Tools and Activities 600 Culture and Schooling 601