Invitation to World Religions

xvi Contents

Paul and the Mission to the Gentiles 452 God, Creation, and Original Humanity 453 God as Trinity 455 The Consequences of Sin 456 Grace and Salvation 457 The Church 458 VOICES: An Interview with Terrie M. and Father Art 458

Scripture 459 Tradition 461

“Last Things” 462 The Afterlife 462 Christianity and Other Religions: Points of Conflict 466

THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY 467 Christianity in the Roman World 467 The Church in the Middle Ages 472 The Reformation: Protestant Challenge and Roman Catholic Response 476 Christianity in the Modern World 480 GLOBAL SNAPSHOT: The Kimbanguist Church in Africa 486 CHRISTIANITY AS A WAY OF LIFE 487 Worship 487 Sacraments 489 Church Interiors: Sacred Space 490 Prayer 492

The Liturgical Year 493 Veneration of Saints 494 Social and Political Activism 495

Christianity and the Environment 496 Christianity, Gender, and Inclusion 497 CHRISTIANITY IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY 498 CONCLUSION 499 PROPERTY OF OXFORD 13 Islam 505 THE TEACHINGS OF ISLAM 508

Muhammad and the Revelations 509 The Holy Qur’an 510 The Teachings of the Qur’an 511 Commentary on the Qur’an 515 The Sunna: The Example of the Prophet 515 The Five Pillars 516

THE HISTORY OF ISLAM 525

The Hijra and the Growth of the Muslim Community 526 The Crisis of Succession and the Rightly Guided Caliphs 528 UNIVERSITY PRESS